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In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them.
Except as allowed in the Notice to Users and in certain licensing contracts, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrievable system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
A quick overview of the changes is provided in the front of this manual. Meanwhile, a Committee has already begun work on what will be either addenda or a new edition. Subjects being investigated are ribbed round duct, fatique testing of tie rodded metal, new flat oval duct standards, duct liner pin lengths, more double wall casings, sealant specifications and more performance specifications for joints and reinforcements.
And, indirectly related to these standards, significant progress is being made by major mechanical code writing agencies in developing one uniform, consensus-supported code for the entire nation. SMACNA expresses appreciation to the many who have offered suggestions for constructive improvement in the fabrication and installation of duct systems.
Suggestions for future improvement are welcome. Special thanks is given to those who volunteered their time, gave their special knowledge and struggled with development of a consensus that would reflect the needs of a diversified industry. ASTM C —Specification for Adhesives for Duct Thermal Insulation Flammability, smoke development, bond strength, flash point, moisture and temperature effects, edge burning characteristics.
This document or publication is prepared for voluntary acceptance and use within the limitations of application defined herein, and otherwise as those adopting it or applying it deem appropriate. It is not a safety standard. Its application for a specific project is contingent on a designer or other authority defining a specific use.
SMACNA has no power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document or publication and it has no role in any representations by other parties that specific components are, in fact, in compliance with it.
The Association may, from time to time, issue formal interpretations or interim amendments, which can be of significance between successive editions. SMACNA encourages technological development in the interest of improving the industry for the public benefit. In the event that the petitioner has a substantive disagreement with the interpretation, an appeal may be filed with the Technical Resources Committee which has technical oversight responsibility.
The request must pertain to a specifically identified portion of the document that does not involve published text which provides the requested information. In considering such requests, the Association will not review or judge products or components as being in compliance with the document or publication. Oral and written interpretations otherwise obtained from anyone affiliated with the Association are unofficial. This procedures does not prevent any committee chairman, member of the committee, or staff liaison from expressing an opinion on a provision within the document, provided that such person clearly states that the opinion is personal and does not represent an official act of the association in any way, and it should not be relied on as such.
The Board of Directors of SMACNA shall have final authority for interpretation of this standard with such rules or procedures as they may adopt for processing same.
Any Standards contained in this publication were developed using reliable engineering principles and research plus consultation with, and information obtained from, manufacturers, users, testing laboratories, and others having specialized experience.
They are subject to revision as further experience and investigation may show is necessary or desirable. Construction and products that comply with these Standards will not necessarily be acceptable if, when examined and tested, they are found to have other features which impair the result contemplated by these requirements. Authorities considering adoption of any standards contained herein should review all federal, state, local and contract regulations applicable to specific installations.
Nonexclusive, royalty-free permission is granted to government and private sector specifying authorities to reproduce only any construction details found herein in their specifications and contract drawings prepared for receipt of bids on new construction and renovation work within the Untied States and its territories, provided that the material copied is unaltered in substance and that the reproducer assumes all liability for the specific application, including errors in reproduction.
The Association prescribes acceptable use of the logo and expressly forbids the use of it to represent anything other than possession of membership. Possession of membership and use of the logo in no way constitutes or reflects SMACNA approval of any product, method, or component. Furthermore, compliance of any such item with standards published or recognized by SMACNA is not indicated by presence of the logo.
A list of duct manuals and standards that this edition supersedes is provided in Appendix A Chapter 7 was revised to facilitate use by those interested in equivalent and comparable tests and ratings. Table now features static pressure only as the basis for duct construction classification; velocity levels were deleted.
The default-to-one-inch-pressure-class Pa provisions were retained in case designers do not give construction pressure classes. Predicted leakage rates in unsealed ducts were omitted. Reminders to designers to show all required fire, smoke, radiation and volume control dampers on contract drawings are accented. Lead radiation shielding is added in the appendix courtesy of the Lead Industries Association. A Ta joint was added as a modification of T Structural engineers assisted SMACNA in rerating joints and reinforcements based on minimum thickness rather than nominal thickness.
The EI index and ratings were changed to focus more on effective EI and allowable bending moments. The use of 26 gage 0. The duct liner pin schedule was adjusted to be different for folded liner corners than for butted condition. Infrequently used joints T-4, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 23 were omitted; however, the text mentions that they may still be considered under first edition conditions. Designer options of specifying fittings by class all-welded, spot or tack welded, seamed or rivet, screw or die-stamp locked were inserted for sealed or unsealed specification in the event that allowable leakage specifications do not otherwise regulate this.
Ribbed forms of round duct are not yet standardized, but may be considered under equivalent-performance-alternative provisions.
A duct system is an assembly whose primary function is to convey air between specified points. A duct system may contain ducts under positive and negative pressure. Air velocities will vary within the system. At coils and filters, the velocity may vary from below fpm 5. Velocity in duct mains and branches can be at constant high or low or varying levels.
With the many available systems sizing methods e. Generally speaking, duct strength, deflection, and leakage are more functions of pressure than of velocity. In conventional systems, noise, vibration, and friction loss are more related to velocity than to pressure. Because total pressure is less downstream than upstream, a duct construction pressure classification equal to the fan outlet pressure or to the fan total static pressure rating cannot economically be imposed on the entire duct system.
In fulfilling the function of moving air, the duct assembly must satisfy certain fundamental performance criteria. Elements of the assembly are sheets, reinforcements, seams, and joints.
In establishing limitations for these factors, consideration must be given to effects of the pressure differential across the duct wall, airflow friction losses, air velocities, infiltration or exfiltration, as well as the inherent strength characteristics of the duct components. Construction methods that economically achieve the predicted and desired performance must be determined and specified. To the extent that functional requirements for ducts are not identified by test or rating criteria, the construction details here represent acceptable practice in the industry except in special service conditions.
Where other construction details are needed to meet the special needs of a particular system design, the designer should comply with appropriate construction standards. The designer must select a numerical static pressure class or classes which satisfy the requirements of the particular system. Table S defines operating pressure in relation to duct pressure class. The construction described in this manual is related to heating, cooling, ventilating, and air conditioning systems.
Although some detail and discussion of hood exhaust and dishwasher exhaust is included, systems carrying particulate, corrosive fumes, or flammable vapors or systems serving industrial processes are not covered. Duct systems for residences are not ordinarily subject to the provisions in this document. The basic elements of duct construction consist of duct wall s , transverse joints, and reinforcements at, or between, joints and supports.
All of these form an integrated combination for each pressure class and duct size. Each size in a pressure class has a minimum duct wall thickness and a minimum specification for joints, reinforcements, etc. An element from a higher pressure class or larger duct size may be substituted in a construction of a lower pressure class or smaller duct size.
This is generally acceptable because the substituted element will exceed the minimum requirements. However, using some overdesigned elements does not justify underdesigning other elements in the composite assembly unless the overall resulting construction can be shown to meet the minimum standards. For example, substituting a stronger reinforcement member does not necessarily permit a larger reinforcement interval; the minimum requirements for each element in the system must continue to be met.
For certain duct widths and reinforcement intervals, duct wall deflection is not affected by the strength and rigidity of joints or reinforcements. The designer must apply construction standards appropriate for the requirements and scope of each project. Fabricators and installers must select features from the joint, seam, reinforcement, and support options that will result in a composite assembly that will conform to the performance criteria identified in this manual.
Experience in construction is valuable; no book can provide all the detail and knowledge necessary to select, fabricate, and install a workable assembly. Careless selection and poor workmanship weaken construction integrity. These standards are not meant to exclude any products or methods that can be demonstrated to be equivalent in performance for the application.
Substitutions based on sponsor demonstrated adequacy and approval of the regulating authority are recognized. These requirements presume that the designers have prepared contract drawings showing the size and location of ductwork, including permissible fitting configurations.
Where area change, direction change, divided flow, or united flow fittings other than those illustrated here are shown on the contract drawings, are not of proprietary manufacture, and are defined with friction loss coefficients in either the SMACNA HVAC Duct System Design manual or the ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook chapter on duct design, such fittings shall be fabricated with materials, assembly techniques, and sealing provisions given here.
No specification or illustration in this manual obliges a contractor to supply any volume control dampers, fire dampers, smoke dampers, or fittings that are not shown on contract drawings.
Where dimensions, sizes, and arrangements of elements of duct assembly and support systems are not provided in these standards the contractor shall select configurations suitable for the service. The contractor shall follow the application recommendations of the manufacturer of all hardware and accessory items and select them to be consistent with the duct classification and services. Unless otherwise specified steel sheet and strip used for duct and connectors shall be G coated galvanized steel of lockforming grade conforming to ASTM A and A standards.
Minimum yield strength for steel sheet and reinforcements is 30, psi kPa. Where sealing is required in Table or in other tables or illustrations in this manual, it means the following:. Ducts must be sufficiently airtight to ensure economical and quiet performance of the system. It must be recognized that airtightness in ducts cannot, and need not, be absolute as it must be in a water piping system.
Codes normally require that ducts be reasonably airtight. Concerns for energy conservation, humidity control, space temperature control, room air movement, ventilation, maintenance, etc. Leakage is largely a function of static pressure and the amount of leakage in a system is significantly related to system size. Adequate airtightness can normally be ensured by a selecting a static pressure, construction class suitable for the operating condition, and b sealing the ductwork properly.
The designer is responsible for determining the pressure class or classes required for duct construction and for evaluating the amount of sealing necessary to achieve system performance objectives. Designers occasionally exempt the following from sealing requirements: small systems, residential occupancies, ducts located directly in the zones they serve, ducts that have short runs from volume control boxes to diffusers, certain return air ceiling plenum applications, etc.
Some sealants can adversely affect the release function of breakaway connections to fire dampers; consult the damper manufacturer for installation restrictions. There is no need to verify leakage control by field testing when adequate methods of assembly and sealing are used. Leakage tests are an added expense in system installation.
If it does, the contract documents must clearly designate the portions of the system s to be tested and the appropriate test methods.
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In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Except as allowed in the Notice to Users and in certain licensing contracts, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrievable system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. A quick overview of the changes is provided in the front of this manual. Meanwhile, a Committee has already begun work on what will be either addenda or a new edition. Subjects being investigated are ribbed round duct, fatique testing of tie rodded metal, new flat oval duct standards, duct liner pin lengths, more double wall casings, sealant specifications and more performance specifications for joints and reinforcements. And, indirectly related to these standards, significant progress is being made by major mechanical code writing agencies in developing one uniform, consensus-supported code for the entire nation. SMACNA expresses appreciation to the many who have offered suggestions for constructive improvement in the fabrication and installation of duct systems.
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